Obesity: Is A Man Made Disease but it is curable

Obesity: Is A Man Made Disease but it is curable

Currently, over 1000 million people worldwide are affected by OBESITY, including 0.65 billion adults, 0.34  billion adolescents, and 0,39 billion children. This number continues to increase, and the World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that by 2025, 167 million overweight or obese individuals, both adults and children, will experience poor health outcomes.

Obesity can cause heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, arthritis, and some cancers. These illnesses are among the most preventable causes of chronic illness and mortality,

What causes obesity?

• Overeating during childhood and adolescence increases the risk of adult obesity
• Familial obesity appears to be inherited. 
• Low physical activity and junk eating are major contributors.
• Complex psychological and behavioral aspects affect eating habits. Additionally, metabolic inefficiencies in energy use may promote fat storage.
• Insulin promotes fat accumulation by modifying energy and fat metabolism.
• Obesity during childhood and adolescence, as well as low and high birth weight (3500g), can lead to adult obesity

Several studies have linked hours spent viewing TV to weight increase in children and adolescents, largely owing to sedentary behavior, snacking while watching, and energy-dense food ads.

Heredity matters.

NIH research showed that one in six Europeans with particular gene variants gain 7 pounds on average. Those discoveries indicate obesity mechanisms that may prevent weight gain. Intervention options come from obesity research on social issues. People buy fresh fruits and vegetables instead of pre-packaged (and often less healthy) commodities when given weekly food funds instead of monthly ones. We know that affordable housing programs nutrition because people no longer have to sacrifice food for rent.

Weight increase occurs between 25 and 50 for adults. Women become obese during pregnancy and menopause.

BMI is one indicator of health.

Height and weight-based BMI assessments help healthcare providers identify weight categories that may cause health issues.

The cut-off levels for overweight and obesity in children and adolescents range. The 5th and 85th centiles are normal, whereas the 85th and 95th centiles are overweight. Obese is 95th centile or higher.

Heart illness.

Heart disease is more common among obese people. Obesity causes high blood pressure, cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes. These conditions increase heart disease risk.

Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes

• Weight gain can lead to prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, a long-term illness that affects blood sugar levels.
• Weight loss of 2.5% can lower blood sugar in type 2 diabetics.
• This means shedding at least 6 pounds for a 250-pound person.
• Type 2 diabetes commonly follows prediabetes. For overweight adults with prediabetes, decreasing 10% of body weight can lessen their risk of type 2 diabetes.
• That means shedding 25 pounds for a 250-pound person.

Allergic airway disease

• Respiratory conditions like asthma narrow the airways, making breathing harder. Overweight persons are 50% more likely to get asthma, according to one study.
• Reduce weight by 7%–8% to reduce asthma symptoms.
• That means shedding 18-20 pounds for a 250-pound person.

Hypertension

• High blood pressure is more common in obese people. High blood pressure is the main cause of heart disease.
• Losing 5-15% of body weight may reduce blood pressure.
• For 250 pounds, that implies shedding 13-38 pounds.

Sleep apnea

Weight gain can lead to OSA, a dangerous breathing disorder. This may increase heart problems, depending on severity. At least 10% weight loss can greatly improve OSA symptoms. If someone weighs 250 pounds, they lose 25 pounds.

Hypercholesterolemia

• Weight and obesity increase the risk of high cholesterol and triglycerides. Their "bad" cholesterol, LDL, may be elevated. Their "good" cholesterol, HDL, may be low. Also, their triglycerides may be excessively high.
• Each level can be improved by losing 5% to 15% of body weight.
• That means shedding 13 pounds for a 250-pound person.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

• Fat is accumulated in the liver in NAFLD. It is common for obese people.
• A weight loss of 10% can help NAFLD.
• That means shedding 25 pounds for a 250-pound person.

Ovarian polycystic

• PCOS causes ovarian cysts. PCOS is twice as common in overweight women.
• A weight loss of 5%-15% can improve PCOS symptoms including menstrual irregularity.
• For 250 pounds, that implies shedding 13-38 pounds.

The OA(Osteoarthritis)

• OA is the most common arthritis. OA is more common in obese adults and is caused by increased joint force, including the knees. In fact, obese people are 4x to 5x more prone to develop knee OA.
• A weight loss of 5%-10% can reduce knee pain and increase walking distance and speed.
• That means shedding 13-25 pounds for a 250-pound person.

Here are several weight-related treatments.

Smart eating and portion control

Healthier meal planning and smaller servings lower calories while giving nutrients. Choosing an apple over junk food adds up over the day.

Exercise

Move your body and burns calories. Be more active to burn more calories. Find activities you like or can perform with others for support and encouragement.

Changes in behavior

A specialist in behavior modification may help you form new habits. Clearing out high-calorie items in the kitchen or having your fitness gear near the door may help you reach your weight-management objectives. Find an Obesity Care Provider to assist you attain your goals.

weight-control targets.

Fix up a target to achieve within a stipulated period.

Medicine

• For at least 12 months after weight loss, appetite hormone fluctuations can make you hungry.
• Long-term weight control may benefit from adding a prescription appetite suppressant or fullness enhancer. Talk to your doctor about your options.

Surgeries for obesity

• Individuals with a BMI of 35 or higher with weight-related problems may have bariatric surgery. Some may lose more weight with it than with other treatments.
• Bariatric surgeries reduce the stomach's capacity to lose weight. Your doctor can advise you on their suitability.

Know that the brain controls when and why we eat.

All day, hormones from the stomach, intestines, and adipose tissue send signals about appetite to the neurological system, which includes the brain. Brain and appetite hormones affect what, why, and how much we eat.

Hunger hormones

Ghrelin: Ghrelin, a hunger hormone, starts appetite.

Peptide YY: After eating, the intestines secrete Peptide YY (PYY).PYY tells the brain-eating makes you full.

Cholecystokinin

Gut cells secrete CCK upon eating.

CCK tells the brain the body is full, suppressing hunger.

GLP-1

When someone is full, GLP-1 is released after eating.

Amylin

In specific brain locations, Amylin helps the body determine when it is full after eating.

Insulin

Pancreatic insulin permits sugar to enter cells for energy. The body cannot fuel itself without insulin. Insulin signals the body to cease eating.

Leptin

Leptin is produced by fat cells.

Leptin from fat cells tells the brain to quit eating.

Weight loss: how?

Each weight-loss plan is unique. Let weight loss happen gradually. Weight loss diets should be at least 1000 Kcal/day and include all nutrients. Half a kilogram of weight loss every week is safe. Drugs and extreme methods are risky. Increased physical activity, not food restriction, should treat childhood obesity. Diet and activity must be changed to maintain a healthy weigh

Weight-loss diets should cut fat. Fat has 9 kcal per gram, compared to 4 kcal for protein and 4 kcal for carbohydrates. 

Avoid empty calories like refined sugars (4Kcal) and alcohol (7Kcal). Restricted are refined carbohydrates that enhance quick glucose absorption (glycemic carbs).

Complex carbohydrate and fiber-rich plant diets may lower blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides.

Diets for weight loss must be high in proteins and low in carbs and fats.

Satiety and micronutrient intake can be achieved by eating plenty of fruits and vegetables.

Frequent fasting/semi-fasting (cycle weight loss) and adequate or excessive meal consumption accelerate weight growth. 

A doctor and dietitian should oversee all weight-loss programs.

Conclusion.

Therefore, maintaining a healthy weight requires eating enough calories or changing physical activity to maintain energy balance. Periodically examine and monitor body weight.